What Happens After Filing Form I-130

Published on: November 7, 2025

💡 Step 1: Receipt Notice (Form I-797C)

After filing your I-130, USCIS sends a Receipt Notice (Form I-797C) by mail.
This notice confirms that your case has been accepted and gives you a receipt number — the key to tracking your case online.
Keep this document safe, as you’ll need it throughout the process.

🕒 Step 2: USCIS Processing Time

The I-130 review process can take several months to over a year, depending on your relationship type and which USCIS Service Center is handling your case.
You can check processing times on the USCIS website using your receipt number.

If more information is needed, USCIS may issue a Request for Evidence (RFE) — respond quickly and completely to avoid delays.

📨 Step 3: Approval or Denial Notice

If approved, USCIS will send you an Approval Notice (Form I-797).
If denied, the notice will explain the reason and provide options for appeal or re-filing.
Approval means USCIS has recognized your family relationship — but your relative still needs to apply for a visa or Green Card.

🌍 Step 4: NVC and Consular Processing (If the Relative Is Abroad)

For relatives outside the U.S., your approved I-130 is transferred to the National Visa Center (NVC).
There, you’ll complete:

The DS-260 immigrant visa application
The Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)
Payment of government fees

After the NVC stage, your case moves to the U.S. consulate for the immigrant visa interview.

🏠 Step 5: Adjustment of Status (If the Relative Is Inside the U.S.)

If your relative is already in the U.S. legally, they may file Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status).
In many cases, spouses of U.S. citizens can file I-130 and I-485 together for faster processing.

✅ Final Step: Green Card Issuance

Once the visa or adjustment of status is approved, your relative becomes a lawful permanent resident.
They will receive their Green Card by mail within a few weeks of approval.

Filing Form I-130 is just the beginning — staying organized and understanding each stage will help your family navigate the process smoothly and confidently.